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	<title>Minnesota Criminal Lawyer Defense Attorney Minneapolis MN</title>
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	<link>http://www.cjglawoffice.com</link>
	<description>Aggressive and Diligent Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney</description>
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		<title>Minnesota bill would allow prosecutors to carry firearms</title>
		<link>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/minnesota-bill-prosecutors-carry-firearms.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/minnesota-bill-prosecutors-carry-firearms.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Jan 2012 18:28:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Coley Grostyan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Firearms]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cjglawoffice.com/?p=807</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In a reaction to the shooting of Cook County Attorney Tim Scannell, a Minnesota legislator has authored HF1829, a bill that will allow County Attorneys and Assistant County Attorneys who possess a valid permit to carry a firearm to carry firearms while on duty. Currently, with the exception of licensed peace officers, Minnesota law prohibits [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In a reaction to the <a href="http://www.cjglawoffice.com/defendant-allegedly-shoots-prosecutor-cook-county-courthouse-grand-marais-minnesota-mn.html/">shooting of Cook County Attorney Tim Scannell</a>, a Minnesota legislator has authored <a href="http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/bs/87/HF1829.html">HF1829</a>, a bill that will allow County Attorneys and Assistant County Attorneys who possess a valid <a href="https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=624.714">permit to carry a firearm</a> to carry firearms while on duty. Currently, with the exception of licensed peace officers, Minnesota law prohibits state workers from being armed on the job.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/bs/87/HF1879.html ">Another bill</a> submitted would increase penalties for individuals who attack or kill state and federal prosecutors. Current Minnesota already has increased penalties for assaulting or killing law enforcement and correctional officers.</p>
<p>Both bills are expected to have sufficient support to pass into law.<br />
<a href="http://www.kare11.com/news/article/958809/14/Prosecutor-shot-at-MN-courthouse-supports-guns-bill">http://www.kare11.com/news/article/958809/14/Prosecutor-shot-at-MN-courthouse-supports-guns-bill</a><br />
<em>_____________________________________________</em></p>
<div class="vcard"><em> </em></p>
<div class="fn org"><em>Law Office of Coley J. Grostyan, PLLC</em></div>
<div class="adr">
<div class="street-address"><em>701 Fourth Avenue South, Suite 300</em></div>
<div><span class="locality"><em>Minneapolis</em></span><em>, <abbr class="region" title="Minnesota">MN</abbr> <span class="postal-code">55415</span></em></div>
<div class="country-name"><em>USA</em></div>
<p><em> </em></p>
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		<title>Florida Courts Question Reliability of Intoxilyzer DUI Results</title>
		<link>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/dui-dwi-courts-question-intoxilyzer-reliability-test-results.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/dui-dwi-courts-question-intoxilyzer-reliability-test-results.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Jan 2012 17:28:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Coley Grostyan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[DWI DUI]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cjglawoffice.com/?p=809</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In October, 100 DUI cases were dismissed in Florida due to inaccuracies of Intoxilyzer 8000s. The Intoxilyzer is a breath test machine used by law enforcement that measures blood alcohol content of those suspected of driving while intoxicated. Blood alcohol content test results are critical DWI prosecutions. In those DWI cases that were tossed by [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In October, 100 <a href="http://www.cjglawoffice.com/minnesota-dwi-lawyer/">DUI</a> cases were dismissed in Florida due to inaccuracies of Intoxilyzer 8000s. The Intoxilyzer is a breath test machine used by law enforcement that measures blood alcohol content of those suspected of driving while intoxicated. Blood alcohol content test results are critical DWI prosecutions.</p>
<p>In those <a href="http://www.cjglawoffice.com/minnesota-dwi-lawyer/">DWI</a> cases that were tossed by the courts, the machines reported a sampling volume of 10 to 12 liters of breath. However, the average total lung volume of an adult male is only 6 liters of air, with a much smaller volume used for normal breathing. Breath volume is a vital component of the accuracy of breathalyzer machines. The dismissal of the <a href="http://www.cjglawoffice.com/minnesota-dwi-lawyer/">DWI</a> cases prompted law enforcement to test other breathalyzer machines. That testing revealed that 40% of the breathalyzer machines required calibration of the breath flow measurement.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20120118/article/120119530">http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20120118/article/120119530</a><br />
<em>___________________________</em></p>
<div class="vcard"><em></p>
<div class="fn org">Law Office of Coley J. Grostyan, PLLC</div>
<p></em></p>
<div class="adr"><em></p>
<div class="street-address">701 Fourth Avenue South, Suite 300</div>
<div><span class="locality">Minneapolis</span>, <abbr class="region" title="Minnesota">MN</abbr> <span class="postal-code">55415</span></div>
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		<title>Minnesota Appeals: Time restrictions for post-conviction relief</title>
		<link>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/minnesota-appeals-time-restrictions-post-conviction-relief.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/minnesota-appeals-time-restrictions-post-conviction-relief.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2012 20:46:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Coley Grostyan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Appeals]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cjglawoffice.com/?p=796</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In a decision filed today in the Minnesota Supreme Court case of Colbert v. State of Minnesota, the Court affirmed the dismissal of the petition as the claims raised were untimely. This is not a particularly noteworthy case, but it is a good illustration of the harsh consequences of failing to challenge convictions and appeals [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In a decision filed today in the Minnesota Supreme Court case of <em>Colbert v. State of Minnesota, </em>the Court affirmed the dismissal of the petition as the claims raised were untimely. This is not a particularly noteworthy case, but it is a good illustration of the harsh consequences of failing to challenge convictions and appeals within the time requirements.</p>
<p>Minnesota law requires a petition challenging the conviction to be filed no later than two years after the conviction if there was no direct appeal, or within two years of the appellate court disposing of a direct appeal.</p>
<p>There are a few exceptions to that time requirement, including:</p>
<ol>
<li>Physical disability or mental disease precluded a timely assertion of the claim;</li>
<li>The discovery of new evidence that could not have been discovered by due diligence within the two-year time period;</li>
<li>There is a new interpretation of federal or state  constitutional or statutory law by the United States Supreme  Court or a Minnesota appellate court that is retroactively applicable to the claim;</li>
<li>There has been a significant change in substantive or procedural law that should be applied retroactively to a sentence and conviction for a crime committed before May 1, 1980; or</li>
<li>The petitioner establishes that the post-conviction relief is not frivolous and is in the interests of justice.</li>
</ol>
<p>However, even if an appeal is based on one these exceptions, the petition must filed within two years of learning of the claim fitting an exception.</p>
<p>Colbert asserted the fifth, &#8220;interests of justice,&#8221; exception. However, his challenges were based on testimony, evidence, and statements made during his 2005 trial. Therefore, the Court found any new claims raised by Colbert were untimely as knowledge of these new claims would have occurred no later than 2006.</p>
<p>If you are seeking an appeal or post-conviction relief from a conviction, do not wait to contact an experienced Minnesota appeals attorney. Contact the Law Office of Coley Grostyan now at <strong>(612) 747-2254 </strong>to schedule an initial office consultation and case assessment.</p>
<h4>Our Location</h4>
<p>701 Building, Suite 300<br />
701 Fourth Avenue South<br />
Minneapolis, MN 55415</p>
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		<title>US v. Jones: GPS Tracking Vehicles is a Search under the 4th Amendment</title>
		<link>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/gps-tracking-warrant-supreme-court-jones.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/gps-tracking-warrant-supreme-court-jones.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jan 2012 20:32:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Coley Grostyan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Constitutional Rights]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cjglawoffice.com/?p=763</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Today, in the case of United States v. Jones, the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) held that law enforcement attaching GPS devices to vehicles is a physical trespass and constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution. In doing so, the court affirmed the lower court&#8217;s judgment suppressing the GPS [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Today, in the case of <em><a href="http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1259.pdf">United States v. Jones</a></em>, the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) held that law enforcement attaching GPS devices to vehicles is a physical trespass and constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution. In doing so, the court affirmed the lower court&#8217;s judgment suppressing the GPS tracking evidence. I <a href="../college-student-sues-fbi-over-secret-vehicle-gps-tracking-device.html">posted previously</a> regarding the use of warrantless GPS tracking by law enforcement and  the civil rights suit against the government by Yasir Afifi.</p>
<p><em><a href="http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1259.pdf">United States v. Jones</a></em> arose from the government attaching a GPS to the underside of Jones&#8217; car. The government did not affix the GPS within the time prescribed by the warrant. Jones&#8217; vehicle was tracked by the government for 28 days which led to his indictment in a federal drug conspiracy.</p>
<p>The Fourth Amendment protects the &#8220;right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.” The Court did not hinge its decision on a <em>Katz v. United States </em>analysis, which held that the Fourth Amendment protects a person’s “reasonable expectation of privacy.” Instead, the Court held that the physical trespass alone is enough to trigger the 4th Amendment.</p>
<p>What does these mean for the criminal defense practice? I believe this will reel in law enforcement&#8217;s repeated narrowing of the protections provided by the Fourth Amendment and allow the careful scrutiny by the Courts of the use of new surveillance technologies. This should also stop the increasing use of GS tracking without any judicial oversight as law enforcement would need probable cause and a warrant to attach the GPS device  to vehicles. Based on the ever-increasing use of surveillance technology by law enforcement, I would expect more appeals dealing with government monitoring its citizens in the near future.</p>
<p><em>___________________________</em></p>
<p><em>Law Office of Coley J. Grostyan, PLLC<br />
701 Building, Suite 300<br />
701 Fourth Avenue South<br />
Minneapolis, MN 55415</em></p>
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<p>The Fourth Amendment protects the &#8220;right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.” The Court only held that the trespass of attaching a tracking device to a vehicle is a search for purposes of a Fourth Amendment analysis. The Court did not hinge its decision on a <em>Katz v. United States </em>analysis, which held that the Fourth Amendment protects a person’s “reasonable expectation of privacy.”</p>
<p>Although I view this decision a step in the right direction, the Court only ruled on a narrow issue of whether GPS tracking is a search. The Court left many questions unanswered. The Court indicated a warrant should be obtained before attaching GPS units to suspects&#8217; vehicles, but did not seem to elaborate too much regarding the limitations of GPS tracking.</p>
<p>What does these mean for the criminal defense practice? I believe this will reel in law enforcement&#8217;s repeated narrowing of the protections provided by the Fourth Amendment and allow the careful scrutiny by the Courts of the use of new surveillance technologies. However, this decision did not go far enough and the issue remains relatively unresolved to provide sufficient guidance for lower courts. Based on the ever-increasing use of surveillance technology by law enforcement, I would expect more appeals dealing with government monitoring its citizens in the near future.</p>
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		<title>Shooting inside Cook County, MN Courthouse</title>
		<link>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/defendant-allegedly-shoots-prosecutor-cook-county-courthouse-grand-marais-minnesota-mn.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.cjglawoffice.com/defendant-allegedly-shoots-prosecutor-cook-county-courthouse-grand-marais-minnesota-mn.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:10:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Coley Grostyan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Firearms]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cjglawoffice.com/?p=604</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[County Attorney, Tim Scannell, and a trial witness are the shooting victims of a courthouse shooting occurring this afternoon at the Cook County courthouse in Grand Marais, MN. Fortunately, it appears both will recover from their injuries. The shooting took place at the end of the day after a jury found Daniel Schlienz, the alleged [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>County  Attorney, Tim Scannell, and a trial witness are the shooting victims of a courthouse shooting occurring this afternoon at the Cook County courthouse in Grand Marais, MN. Fortunately, it appears both will recover from their injuries.</p>
<p>The shooting took place at the end of the day after a jury found Daniel Schlienz, the alleged shooter, guilty of <a href="http://www.cjglawoffice.com/minnesota-sex-crime-lawyer/">3rd degree criminal sexual conduct charges</a>. Schlienz was taken into custody and is expected to be charged.</p>
<p>There is a lengthy history between Schlienz and Scannell. The current case was being tried after the Minnesota Supreme Court <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/archive/supct/0911/OPA070874-1105.pdf">reversed the District Court&#8217;s denial of Schlienz&#8217;s motion to withdraw his plea</a>. The Court found that the sentencing judge conducted improper ex parte communications with Scannell. Specifically, the sentencing judge had improperly informed Scannell of specific arguments that should be made to oppose any motion to withdraw the guilty plea.</p>
<p>Then, in 2011, the Minnesota Court of Appeals <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/archive/supct/0911/OPA070874-1105.pdf">reversed Schlienz&#8217;s conviction</a> because the district court sentenced Schlienz in excess of what the prosecutor and Schlienz had agreed to during plea negotiations.</p>
<p>The Cook County courthouse lacks the security and metal detectors present in many other courthouses in the state. The last courthouse shooting in Minnesota that comes to mind <a href="http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2003/09/29_hughesa_hencoshooting/">occurred in 2003 at the Hennepin County Government Center in Minneapolis</a>. That shooting prompted heightened security in courthouses across Minnesota, including reconfiguring access to courtrooms at the Hennepin County Government Center to accommodate x-ray machines and metal detectors.</p>
<p><em>___________________________</em></p>
<div class="vcard">
<div class="fn org">Law Office of Coley J. Grostyan, PLLC</div>
<div class="adr">
<div class="street-address">701 Fourth Avenue South, Suite 300</div>
<div><span class="locality">Minneapolis</span>, <abbr class="region" title="Minnesota">MN</abbr> <span class="postal-code">55415</span></div>
<div class="country-name">USA</div>
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